Understanding Wildfire Smoke and Air Quality

Wildfire smoke can affect health far beyond the fire zone. In recent years, smoke from Canadian wildfires has spread across large parts of the U.S., exposing millions to unhealthy air. Knowing how smoke travels, who is most at risk, and how to track local air quality is key to staying safe.

Why Wildfire Smoke Matters, Even Far Away

Wildfire smoke is no longer just a regional issue. As fires grow more frequent and severe, smoke is affecting communities across the country. Because it carries harmful pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and can pick up additional toxins as it travels, even distant exposure can pose serious health risks.

Who Is at Increased Risk

Wildfire smoke can affect anyone, but children, older adults, pregnant people, and those with conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, or heart disease face greater risk. Children and teens are especially vulnerable because their lungs are still developing, and they breathe in more air relative to their size. Even short-term exposure can cause coughing, wheezing, eye and throat irritation, shortness of breath, and more severe asthma symptoms.

Stay Informed

The Air Quality Index (AQI) makes it easy to track local air quality, no matter where a wildfire is burning. You can check daily readings on AirNow.gov, weather apps, and state or local websites to see whether it’s safe to spend time outside. Tools like fire and smoke maps can also help you monitor conditions during wildfire season.

Protective Measures When Air Quality Declines

Wildfire smoke conditions can change quickly, so check the AQI throughout the day and take steps to limit your exposure.

• Stay indoors and limit air exposure. Keep windows closed and use clean or portable air filters when possible.
• Use the recirculating setting while driving. Setting the car’s ventilation to recirculate rather than draw in outside air can reduce smoke exposure while driving.
• Wear appropriate protection outdoors. If you need to be outside, wear a properly fitted N95 or P100 mask to help reduce smoke exposure. Cloth and surgical masks do not offer the same protection.
• Protect pets. Wildfire smoke can also affect pets, especially older animals and those with heart or lung conditions.
• Move exercise indoors. Replace outdoor workouts with an indoor activity when air quality is poor. If you must exercise outside, avoid high-traffic areas.
• Rinse off after time outdoors. Showering after spending time outside can remove particles from hair and skin.
• Monitor for symptoms. Report any signs of wheezing or shortness of breath to your doctor.

Conclusion

Wildfire smoke can affect communities far from the fire itself. As smoke and PM2.5 travel long distances, staying aware and prepared is one of the best ways to protect yourself and your family. If you have concerns about smoke exposure, contact your doctor. Download the bulletin for more details.