Hotter, longer summers are making extreme heat a growing public health risk. Each year, extreme heat causes more than 700 deaths in the U.S., and the National Weather Service ranks it as the nation’s leading weather-related killer. That makes heat safety an increasingly important part of seasonal planning.
What Is Extreme Heat?
Extreme heat is more than a hot day. It’s a dangerous stretch of unusually high temperatures, often paired with humidity, that exceeds what’s typical for a region. The National Weather Service generally considers conditions extreme when the heat index rises above 105°F, though risk varies by location. Events like heat waves and heat domes are becoming more frequent and intense, making heat safety more important than ever.
The Risks of Extreme Heat
Extreme heat can affect the body quickly, sometimes within hours, and may lead to serious health risks.
- Heat exhaustion and heatstroke – If the body can’t cool itself, heat exhaustion can quickly turn into life-threatening heatstroke, causing serious organ damage and requiring emergency care.
- Cardiovascular and respiratory strain – Extreme heat strains the heart and can be especially dangerous for people with existing heart conditions. It can also worsen air quality, increasing the risk of asthma attacks and other breathing issues.
- Dehydration – Without enough fluids, excessive sweating can lead to dehydration, putting strain on the kidneys and causing dizziness, confusion, and fainting.
Tips for Staying Safe During Extreme Heat
Extreme heat can be dangerous, but many heat-related illnesses can be prevented. These simple steps can help individuals and families stay safe in high temperatures:
- Stay informed. Watch for local heat advisories and adjust plans on high-risk days.
- Plan ahead. Check the forecast a few days ahead during heat season so you can adjust plans, prepare your home, and stay safe before dangerous conditions arrive.
- Hydrate proactively, not reactively. Stay ahead of dehydration by drinking water regularly, using electrolytes when needed, and limiting alcohol and caffeine.
- Time your activities wisely. Plan outdoor exercise, yard work, and errands for early morning or evening, and avoid strenuous activity in peak afternoon heat.
- Dress for the heat. Light, loose-fitting clothing helps keep you cooler, and a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses add extra protection outdoors.
- Keep your living space cool. Use air conditioning when you can, or visit cooling centers, libraries, or malls during the hottest part of the day.
- Look out for those most at risk. Check in on older adults and people with chronic health conditions, and never leave children or pets in parked cars, where temperatures can become dangerous within minutes.
- Know the warning signs. Know the signs of heat exhaustion and heatstroke. Heatstroke is a medical emergency, so seek help right away.
- Cool your body directly. Cool showers, damp cloths, and misting fans can quickly help lower body temperature.
Conclusion
Extreme heat is a growing public health risk, and heat-related illness can quickly become serious. If symptoms don’t improve within an hour, contact a doctor, and seek immediate care for signs of heatstroke. For the latest heat advisories, check your local weather service. Download the bulletin for more details.